http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/31 2026-04-04T08:28:08Z 2026-04-04T08:28:08Z AYODELE, OLUMIDE ADELANA http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1450 2022-02-22T12:12:29Z 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z

CHANGES IN LAND USE AND SOIL QUALITY UNDER URBAN LAND USE TYPES IN AKURE AND OKITIPUPA, NIGERIA AYODELE, OLUMIDE ADELANA Urban soil quality is influenced by anthropogenic activities, which can adversely affect sustainable land use. Soil Quality (SQ) assessment can assist in early detection of adverse effects of urban land use. However, limited information is available on influence of land use and effective methods of assessing SQ for urban areas. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine land use changes over a 32-year (1984-2016) period in Akure and Okitipupa and to assess the SQ of the Urban Land Use Types (ULUTs). Satellite imageries of Akure and Okitipupa from Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper were analysed to investigate land use changes using maximum likelihood classifier. Soil quality associated with ULUTs - commercial, urban agriculture, wetland, residential and institutional were assessed in 2016 using Weighted Additive Quality Index (SQIwa), Statistically Modeled Index (SQIsm) based on principal component analysis and Soil Environmental Quality Index (SEQI). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. In 1984, the area covered by built-up areas, forest, water bodies and farmlands at Akure were 18, 239, 35 and 19 km2, whereas, in 2016 the corresponding areas changed to 72, 112, 63 and 64 km2, respectively. At Okitipupa, the respective area covered changed from 60, 298, 10 and 29 km2 in 1984 to 206, 107, 34 and 50 km2respectively, in 2016 indicating that larger area of forest land was converted to built-up areas at both locations. The SQ indices (SQIwa, SQIsm and SEQI),were significantly different among the ULUTs, and wetlands had the highest ratings at both Akure and Okitipupa. At Akure, the SQIwa ranged from 0.35±0.02 (residential) to 0.59±0.02 (wetland), and from 0.31±0.01 (institution) to 0.63±0.02 (wetland) at Okitipupa. The SQIsm ratings were in the order of residential (0.49±0.02) ˂ commercial (0.56±0.02) ˂ institution (0.64±0.02) ˂ urban agriculture (0.81±0.02) ˂ wetland (0.90±0.03) at Akure. However, at Okitipupa, SQIsmwas in the order of institution (0.46±0.01) ˂ commercial (0.48±0.01) ˂ residential (0.54±0.01) ˂ urban agriculture (0.59±0.02) ˂ wetland (0.73±0.02). Compared to wetlands, SQIsm was significantly lower by 45.5, 10.0, 37.8 and 28.9% in residential, urban agriculture, commercial and institution, respectively, at Akure. At Okitipupa, the respective decrease in SQIsm were 26.0, 19.2, 34.2 and 40.0% when compared with wetlands. The SEQI ratings at Akure differed significantly among the ULUT and ranged from 0.50±0.01 (commercial) to 0.66±0.02 (wetland). The SEQI were in the order of commercial (0.50±0.01) ˂ residential (0.54±0.01) ˂ institution (0.55±0.01) ˂ urban agriculture (0.64±0.02) ˂ wetland (0.66±0.02). On the other hand, SEQI ranged from 0.47±0.01 (commercial) to 0.63±0.02 (wetland) and was in the order of commercial (0.47±0.01) ˂ institution (0.49±0.01) ˂ residential (0.54±0.01) ˂ urban agriculture (0.56±0.01) ˂ wetland (0.63±0.02) at Okitipupa. Akure and Okitipupaexperienced steady changes in land use and cover during the 32-year periodresulting to reduction in soil quality.

2021-08-01T00:00:00Z ONOME ONI, FUNMILAYO GRACE http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1448 2022-02-22T12:04:20Z 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z

EVALUATION OF CROPGRO-PEANUT MODEL FOR PREDICTING GROWTH AND YIELD OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) IN IBADAN AND OGBOMOSO, NIGERIA ONOME ONI, FUNMILAYO GRACE Groundnut is one of the most consumed oil crops in the tropics. Application of starter nitrogen and appropriate sowing dates are necessary for optimum growth and yield of groundnut. The use of crop growth models such as CROPGRO-Peanut can facilitate the evaluation of beneficial crop management practices with reduced undesirable impact on the environment. However, such models must be calibrated and evaluated for crop varieties in a given location before use. In this study, CROPGRO-Peanut model was calibrated and evaluated for groundnut performance in Ibadan and Ogbomoso, Nigeria. In a field experiment, four groundnut varieties (SAMNUT10, SAMNUT22, SAMNUT23 and Kampala-local check) were grown at four Sowing Dates (SD1, SD2, SD3 and SD4), spaced at seven days interval from 19 April to 10 May, at Ogbomoso. Data collected were used to calibrate the CROPGRO-Peanut model. Thereafter, SAMNUT23 and Kampala sown at SD2 and SD3 were evaluated with application of three starter nitrogen rates (0, 10 and 20 kg N/ha). Data were collected and used to evaluate the model. In Ibadan and Ogbomoso, three sources each of starter nitrogen (NPK 15:15:15, organomineral fertilizer and poultry manure) applied at 20 kg N/ha were evaluated on SAMNUT23 and Kampala at SD2. Data were collected and used to validate the model. All experiments were laid-out as split-plot in randomised complete block design replicated thrice. Data were collected on Days to Emergence (DE), Days to Flowering (DF), Pod Yield (PY) and weather parameters. The reliability of the model was evaluated using Percentage Error-PE (excellent: 0-10%, good: 11-20%; fair, 21-30%, and poor: >30%). Groundnut pod yield was predicted from 2010 to 2050 using daily weather data generated from GCM-DSSAT file generator. The simulated DE was excellent at SD1 (10%), but poor at SD2 (54%), SD3 (74%) and SD4 (358%). Simulated DF at SD1 was fair (30%) but excellent (2%)at SD2 while the simulated DF was good (20%) at SD3 and poor (39%) at SD4. Calibration of PY across the varieties was poor for all the sowing dates. The simulated DF with application of starter nitrogen at SD2 was fair for SAMNUT23 (25%) and poor for Kampala (35%), but fair for Kampala (28%) at SD3 and poor for SAMNUT23 (36%). The simulated PY was fair for both SAMNUT23 (26%) and Kampala (28%) at SD2, while it was fair for SAMNUT23 (22%) but poor for Kampala (36%) at SD3.For all sources of starter nitrogen, simulated DF was poor for both SAMNUT23 (43%), and Kampala (46%) while PY was excellent for SAMNUT23 (9%) and fair for Kampala (30%) (indicating the reliability of the model for the parameters). Model prediction for 2010 to 2050 showed decline in PY from 2,627 kg/ha to 700 kg/ha in Ibadan and from 4,568 kg/ha to 1,200 kg/ha at Ogbomoso. The CROPGRO-Peanut model adequately simulated days to emergence and was good for predicting pod yield of groundnuts regardless of starter nitrogen source and sowing dates. Ibadan and Ogbomoso lacked potential for long term production of groundnut.

2021-03-01T00:00:00Z MOFOLUSO, ADEWUNMI ADESINA http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1104 2022-02-14T14:02:27Z 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z

PERFORMANCE OF GROWING AND LACTATING SOKOTO GUDALI CATTLE FED ENSILED ELEPHANT GRASS, WET BREWER’S GRAIN AND GLIRICIDIA FOLIAGE MOFOLUSO, ADEWUNMI ADESINA Forage conservation through ensiling is used to provide feed for cattle during the dry season. Low protein content of grass silages limit their utilisation which could be improved by ensiling grass with high protein feedstuffs like Wet Brewer’s Grain (WBG) and Gliricidia Foliage (GF). There is dearth of information on the utilisation of combined WBG and GF ensiled with Elephant Grass (EG) on performance of Sokoto Gudali (SG) cattle. Hence, the performance of SG cattle fed EG enhanced with WBG and/or GF were assessed. Four iso-nitrogenous silages: T1- (EG control); T2- (EG +WBG); T3- (EG +GF); T4-(EG +WBG + GF) were prepared using standard procedures. Physical characteristics (pH, colour, aroma, texture) and chemical composition [Dry Matter (DM); Crude Protein (CP) and fibre fractions] of silages were determined at day 22. The Coefficient of Preference (CoP) of the silages were determined using six SG heifers following standard procedures. Another 12 heifers were housed in individual pens and adapted for total faecal collection for the determination of digestibility. Dry Matter Intake -DMI (kg/day) and Daily Weight Gain-DWG (kg/day) were assessed in an 84-day trial using 16 SG heifers in a completely randomised design. In another 120-day feeding trial, 16 multiparous SG cows were allocated in a randomised complete block design to the diets. Daily Milk Yield –DMY (kg/day), Milk Composition (MC) were determined and the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) calculated. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. Silage pH ranged from 3.90 to 4.90; colour varied from olive to deep green. Aroma was pleasant to very pleasant and texture was firm for all silages. The DM of 28.7±0.3% (T2) was significantly higher than 26.9±0.3% (T4), 26.4±0.2% (T1), 25.3±0.3% (T3) while CP ranged from 24.1±0.2% (T1) to 25.1±0.3% (T3). The neutral detergent fibre of T1 (52.1±0.8%) was significantly higher than 48.7±0.3% (T3), 42.0±0.1% (T4) and 38.4±0.5% (T2) while acid detergent fibre were 28.9±0.1% (T1), 23.9±0.3% (T3), 21.8±0.1% (T4) and 20.0±0.1% (T2). The acid detergent lignin ranged from 8.50±0.1% (T2) to 11.0±0.1% (T3). The CoP were 0.65 (T3), 0.96 (T1), 1.01 (T4) and 1.38 (T2), indicating that only T4 and T2 were acceptable to the cattle (CoP >1). Digestibility of T2 (70.88 ±0.7) was significantly higher than T1 (60.40±0.9), T3 (65.78±0.3) and T4 (68.41±0.4). The DMI of 4.76 (T1), 4.79 (T3), 5.23 (T4), 5.49 (T2) differed significantly showing that the consumption of T2 was higher. The DWG of animals on T3 (0.61±0.01), T4 (0.61±0.02) and T2 (0.62±0.01) were similar but all differed significantly from T1 (0.49±0.01). The DMY of animals on T2 (5.11±0.3) was significantly higher than T4 (4.80± 0.1), T3 (4.40±0.1) and T1 (3.86±0.1) while the milk composition were similar. The FCR (Milk) were 1.91 (T3), 2.02(T4), 2.05 (T2) and 2.31 (T1) suggesting that T3 was superior to other diets. Sokoto gudali heifers fed silage of elephant grass with wet brewer’s grain and Gliricidia foliage had improved digestibility, better weight gain and enhanced milk yield.

2021-07-01T00:00:00Z PELEMO, OLUGBOYEGA SUCCESS http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1102 2022-02-14T13:56:36Z 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z

ASSESSMENT OF SOME HIGH-RATIO PROPAGATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR QUALITY SEED YAM TUBER PRODUCTION IN Dioscorea alata L. AND Dioscorea rotundata Poir PELEMO, OLUGBOYEGA SUCCESS Edible yams are widely cultivated staple food crops in the tropics, but their production is constrained by low multiplication ratio, which results in short supply of Seed Yam Tubers (SYT). The use of High-ratio Propagation Technologies (HrPT) could enhance quality and quantity of SYT. However, limited information is available on the use of HrPT and the amenability of yam varieties to HrPT for SYT production. In this study, the uses of some HrPT for quality SYT production in Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea rotundata were investigated. Three HrPTs: Conventional Tissue Culture (CTC), Aeroponics System (AS) and field based Yam Minisetts Technique (YMT) were evaluated for yam propagation using standard procedures. Five yam varieties (TDr9519177, TDr9518544, TDr8902665, TDa291 and TDa9801176) cultured in six growth media [4.43 g/L Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium and 7.0 g of agar-agar supplemented with each of 30 g/L sucrose-M1, 60 g/L sucrose-M2, 0.1mg/L Jasmonic Acid (JA)+30 g/L sucrose-M3, 0.1 mg/L JA+60 g/L sucrose-M4, 1mg/L-Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA)+30 g/L sucrose-M5 and 0.1 mg/L NAA+60 g/L sucrose-M6] using three light types [blue-Light Emitting Diode (LED), red-LED and white-LED] in CTC experiment were evaluated for Number of Nodes-NN, Number of Vines-NV and Vine Length-VL (cm). Explants from Acclimatised Tissue Cultured Plants-ATCP, Direct Vine Cuttings-DVC and Rooted Vine Cuttings-RVC of the five yam varieties were grown in AS and evaluated for Plant Survival-PS, Number of Tubers-NT and Fresh Tuber Weight-FTW (g). Using the YMT, four D. alata and 12 D. rotundata varieties were evaluated on the field using five Sett Weights-SW (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g). Data on Plant Emergence-PE (%), NT, SYT (%) and Fresh Tuber Yield-FTY (t/ha) were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α 0.05. Across varieties, NN, NV and VL differed significantly among media and light types. The NN, NV and VL ranged from 3.3±0.9 (M6, red-LED) to 15.9±1.1 (M3, white LED), 1.2±0.3 (M2, Blue-LED) to 3.2±0.8 (M4, white-LED) and 4.3±0.9 (M6, red LED) to 10.5±1.0 (M6, red-LED), respectively. The PS, NT and FTW varied significantly among yam varieties and explant sources. The PS across varieties was in the order: ATCP (52.0±14.5)>DVC (35.4±11.6)>RVC (28.3±16.0). The NT ranged from 12.3±0.6 (TDa9801176, DVC) to no tuber (TDa291, RVC). The FTW obtained from ATCP, DVC and RVC ranged from 6.2±15.1 (TDa291) to 257.8±3.2 (TDr9518544), 0.0 (TDr8902665) to 157.0±3.5 (TDr9518544) and 0.0 (TDa291) to 147.8±3.3 (TDa9801176), respectively. Effects of variety, SW and variety×SW interaction in YMT were significant on PE, NT and FTY. Across SW, PE declined from 97.7±9.5 (TDa9801176) to 40.5±7.6 (Danacha). Across varieties, NT ranged from 13.1±1.3 (10 g SW) to 20.3±3.8 (50 g SW), while FTY ranged from 8.6±2.6 (10 g SW) to 20.7±4.3 (50 g SW). The proportion of SYT was highest (66.9±6.0) in 20 g SW and lowest (55.1±13.1) in 50 g SW. Jasmonic acid supplemented medium, white light emitting diode, tissue culture plants, sett weights of 20 g and varietal effect enhanced propagation and seed yam tuber production in Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea rotundata.

2021-10-01T00:00:00Z