http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/29 2026-04-04T08:42:04Z 2026-04-04T08:42:04Z OYEDIJI, Beatrice http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2385 2025-11-06T13:34:09Z 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z

EFFECT OF CREDIT UTILIZATION ON PROFITABILITY OF COMMERCIAL POULTRY PRODUCTION IN SOUTH-WESTERN, NIGERIA OYEDIJI, Beatrice Poultry enterprise is capital intensive; hence, most commercial poultry farmers rely on credit facilities to sustain their businesses. Previous studies established that access to credit enabled farmers’ participation in commercial poultry production. However, information on how the use of credit affects profitability of commercial poultry production is scanty. Therefore, the effect of credit utilisation on the profitability of poultry production in Southwestern Nigeria was investigated. A four-stage sampling procedure was used. Ogun, Oyo and Ondo states were randomly selected; and three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in each state based on prevalence of commercial poultry entrepreneurs. Cluster sampling technique was used to select two communities where poultry enterprises huddled in the selected LGAs. Ten percent of the entire poultry farmers were selected to give a total of 250 respondents. Data were collected using interview schedule on respondents’ socio-economic and enterprise characteristics (age, education, occupation, type of enterprise and management practice), access to credit facilities, attitude towards use of credit and utilisation of credits, constraints to utilisation of credit and profitability of commercial poultry farming. The Benefit cost ratio was used to estimate profitability. Indices of credit accessibility (low: 0.00-4.37; high: 4.38-22.00), credit utilisation (low: 0.00-10.42; high: 10.43-19.00), attitude towards use of credit for poultry enterprise (unfavourable: 36.00-63.70; favourable: 63.80-84.00) and profitability (low; ₦3,818,278.29 - ₦12,550,288.00; high; ₦12,550,289.00-₦86,427,167.00) were generated. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Pearson product moment correlation and ANOVA at α0.05. Most respondents were male (74.8%). Age and years of formal education were 42.56±9.84 and 17±9.26 years, respectively. More than half (52.8%) engaged in poultry production as their primary occupation, 54.4% combined egg and meat production and 63.6% used battery cage system. Credit was mostly accessed from cooperative societies (=1.19) and family/friends (=1.07). Sixty two percent of respondents had favourable attitude towards the use of credit in their enterprises while access to credit facilities (78.60%) and credit utilization (67.2%) were low among them. High interest rates and high risk associated with poultry enterprise ranked highest as constraints to use of credit in poultry enterprise. The net profit from poultry production was ₦1,766,230.95±809,396.46 and profitability was high among 67.8% of the respondents. Size of enterprise (r=0.15), years of farming experience (r=0.29), access to credit facilities (r=0.14), number of employees (r=0.31) and credit utilisation (r=0.085) correlated significantly to profitability of commercial poultry enterprise. Farmers differed significantly in their profitability depending on their level of credit utilisation, type of poultry enterprise and location. Profitability was significantly higher among high credit users (₦16,849,577.83±44,267,049.48) than low credit users (₦6,740,704.90±20,671,384.92). Combined Meat and egg producers had higher profitability (₦18,576,837.38±44,106,264.29) than meat only (₦15,639,874.67±47,308,877.27) and egg only producers (₦8,002,758.70±29,298,672.40). Profitability was higher in Ogun (₦18,792,463.78±23,062,122.53) than Oyo (₦15,564,957.58±46,957,103.9915) and Ondo (₦10,177,560.11±53,875,752.40) states. Credit utilisation enhanced the profitability of commercial poultry enterprise in Southwestern Nigeria. Profitability was highest in Ogun state and among poultry farmers who combined egg and meat production in their enterprise.

2023-04-01T00:00:00Z OBAR, Eucharia Ejowokoghene http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2364 2025-10-20T11:36:29Z 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT AND THE SUSTAINABILITY LIKELIHOOD OF COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA OBAR, Eucharia Ejowokoghene Poor inclusion of community members in past development projects negatively impacted their sustainability. Hence, Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) harps on social inclusion of communities in its projects to reduce conflict, enhance project quality and guarantee sustainability. Typology of community involvement in CSDP has been described in previous studies. However, empirical evidence on the influence of involvement by generation on project sustainability is scarce. Therefore, generational involvement and the Sustainability Likelihood (SL) of CSDP in Southwestern Nigeria were investigated. A four-stage sampling procedure was used. Oyo and Ekiti states were randomly selected from four CSDP participating states in Southwestern Nigeria. Four and five Local Government Areas as well as five communities each in Oyo and Ekiti states, respectively, were purposively selected based on availability of completed CSDP in the last five years. List of community members involved in CSDP was stratified into youths (18-35 years), adults (36-59 years) and elders (≥60 years). Using sampling proportionate to size, 70 youths (Male: 36; Female: 34), 120 adults (Male: 58; Female: 62) and 77 elders (Male: 44; Female: 33) were selected across communities in Oyo and Ekiti states to give 267 respondents. Interview schedule was used to collect data on respondents’ socio-economic characteristics (age, years of education, hours spent during implementation, monthly income), compliance to gender and generational inclusion principle, involvement, SL (economic, technical, social and environmental), benefits derived from involvement and constraints to involvement in CSDP using standardised scales. Indices of compliance (low: 12.00-24.50; moderate: 24.51-31.40; high: 31.41-39.00), economic SL (low: 0.50-1.68; high: 1.69-3.00), technical SL (low: 0.29-2.45; high: 2.46-3.07), social SL (low: 0.00-2.42; high: 2.43-3.00), environmental SL (low: 0.00-2.52; high: 2.53-3.14) and overall SL (low: 8.00-103.40; high: 103.41-132.00) were generated. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson product moment correlation and logit regression at α0.05. Age, years of education, hours spent during implementation and monthly income were 47.32±15.91 years, 11.01±5.42 years, 4.26±3.30 hours/day and N53,430.60±52471.57, respectively. Compliance (Proportion-P=62.2%), involvement (P=59.2%), technical SL (P=65.9%), social SL (P=69.3%), environmental SL (P=68.2%), and overall SL (P=68.2%) of CSDP were high, while economic SL was low (P=54.7%). Benefits derived were enhanced interaction (2.25±0.89) and increased relevance of project to community needs (2.25±0.94). Constraints to involvement among female were inadequate fund (youth-1.38±0.80; adult- 1.10±0.80 and elderly-1.03±0.80), while inadequate time-1.47±0.70, lack of incentives- 1.12±0.80 and inflation-0.95±0.80 were the major constraints among the youths, adults and elderly male, respectively. Involvement was significantly higher among the elders (x̄=110.45) than adults (x̄=101.42) and youths (x̄=83.64). Benefits derived were significantly higher among the elders (x̄=62.55) than adults (x̄=59.18) and youths (x̄=50.66). Years of formal education (r=0.18), hours spent during implementation (r=0.15), involvement (r=0.18), benefits derived (r=0.14) and compliance (r=0.35) significantly influenced SL of CSDP. Compliance significantly influenced SL among female (youth–β=0.52; adult–β=0.40 and elders–β=0.70), while involvement of adult male (β=0.42) significantly influenced the SL of CSDP. Generational inclusion enhanced the Sustainability Likelihood of Community and Social Development Project in Southwestern Nigeria.

2021-12-01T00:00:00Z ISHOLA, Toheeb Abiodun http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1881 2024-04-19T15:57:07Z 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z

DERIVABLE BENEFITS ALONG VALUE ADDITION NODES AMONG RICE PROCESSORS IN NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA ISHOLA, Toheeb Abiodun Processors add value to agricultural produce to compete favourably in open markets and derive maximum benefits. Value Addition (VA) towards enhancing derivable benefits in locally produced rice is particularly important in Nigeria. However, there is low patronage and acceptability despite the current government efforts in promoting local rice production. The VA along the rice value chain has been examined in past studies while data on derivable benefits within processing nodes are scanty. Therefore, benefits derived by processors in rice VA in North-central Nigeria were investigated. A four-stage sampling procedure was used. Two North-central states, Kwara and Niger were purposively selected due to their prominence in rice production. Ten per cent of the 16 and 25 Local Government Areas in Kwara and Niger states were selected, respectively. Thereafter, 10% of rice-growing communities and 10% of registered processors in each community were randomly selected to give 186 processors. An interview schedule was used to obtain data on processors’ characteristics (sex, marital status, primary occupation, source of labour and age); Activities that add Value to Rice-AVR (timely drying and threshing with the use of the mechanical device); attitude towards VA; accessibility to agricultural support services; Derivable Benefits-DB from Threshing and Winnowing-TW, drying, Parboiling, Cleaning and Dehusking-PCD, transportation, storage and constraints encountered. Indices of involvement in VA activities (low: 0.0-49.0, high: 50.0-59.0), attitude (unfavourable: 40.0-59.0, favourable: 60.0-85.0), accessibility to agricultural support services (low: 4.0-13.0, high: 14.0-22.0), DB (low: 21.0-46.0, high: 47.0-72.0): TW (low: 25.0-47.0, high: 48.0-66.0), drying (low: 22.0-48.0, high: 49.0-72.0), PCD (low: 30.0-51.0, high: 52.0-69.0), transportation (low: 35.0-50.0, high: 51.0-72.0) and storage (low: 22.0-40.0, high: 41.0-67.0) were generated. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson productmoment correlation, t-test and linear regression at 𝛼0.05. Most processors were female (70.4%), married (81.7%), practised farming as a primary occupation (54.3%), utilised family labour (35.5%) and aged 39.6±9.3 years. Involvement in the AVR was low (52.2%). Timely drying (13.7±2.63) and threshing using a mechanical device (13.6±2.71) were the most important AVR. Processors (52.1%) had an unfavourable attitude towards VA. Sixty-four per cent had low access to agricultural support services with agricultural thrift and cooperative society being the most accessed. Effective separation of rice and impurities (1.45±0.63), reduction of processing period (1.40±0.63), prolonged shelf life (1.39±0.62) and acceptability by users (1.50±0.61) were the most important DB from TW, drying, PCD and storage, respectively. Overall DB from VA was low (53.8%), while TW, PCD and transportation were low for 57.0%, 55.4% and 50.5% of the processors, respectively. However, 54.8% and 52.2% of the processors had high DB from drying and storage, respectively. Inadequate means of transporting the paddy was the major constraint (58.6%) in VA. Constraints (r=0.280) and attitude (r=0.546) significantly correlated with DB. Processors with high VA (48.31±8.42) had higher DB than processors with low VA (43.06±8.79). Parboiling (β = 0.180) and dehusking (β= 0.316) significantly predicted DB. Derivable benefits in value addition to rice in North-central Nigeria was low. Parboiling and dehusking enhanced derivable benefits, while the acceptability of grains by end-users is the most important derivable benefit.

2023-02-01T00:00:00Z IROKO, Ibukunoluwa Abosede http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1805 2024-04-18T15:36:50Z 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z

STIMULANTS CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF HIRED FARM LABOURERS IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA IROKO, Ibukunoluwa Abosede Smallholder farmers who account for 80-90 percent of agricultural production in Nigeria rely mainly on hired labour for farming. In order to enhance work output and attract better wages, hired farm labourers consume large quantities of stimulants which unfortunately have harmful effects on them. Previous research focused on health impacts of stimulant consumption among hired labourers, while data on its influence on their productivity has not been well documented. Hence, the influence of stimulant consumption on productivity of hired farm labourers in southwestern Nigeria was investigated. A five-stage sampling procedure was used. Ogun State, due to high influx of foreign farm labourers through its international borders and Oyo State due to prominence in food production in southwestern Nigeria were purposively selected for the study. Thereafter, 20% of agrarian Local Government Areas (LGA) located around the border in each state (Imeko Afon, Egbado North, Egbado South and Ipokia in Ogun; Irepo, Saki West, Atisbo, Iwajowa, Ibarapa North and Kajola in Oyo) were randomly sampled. Three communities in each LGA were randomly selected, while ten percent of Growth Enhancement Support Scheme Farmers (GESSF) were purposively sampled due to prominence of hired farm labourers. Ten percent of the GESSF hired farm labourers were randomly sampled to give 271 hired farm labourers. Interview schedule was used to obtain data on hired farm labourers’ personal characteristics (age, sex, marital status, nationality, labour experience and labour status), pattern of engagement and reward system, stimulant consumed (types: alcohol, analgesic, caffeine, cannabis based; and quantities), reasons for stimulant consumption, sources of stimulants, common health problems experienced, frequency of visits to health centres, attitude towards stimulant consumption, use of labour-saving devices, and labour productivity using standardised scales. Labour productivity was measured in terms of total daily income per number of hours worked. Indices of visits to health centres (low:1.00-5.99; high:6.00-19.00), attitude towards stimulant consumption (negative:55.00-107.99; positive:108.00-143.00), use of labour-saving equipment (low:0.00-4.99; high:5.00-11.00) and labour productivity (low:90.35-113.99; high:114.00-1375.00) were generated. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression at α0.05. Hired farm labourers were aged 32.3±9.6 years, male:96.0%, married:65.2% and non-nationals: 57.4%. They were mostly full-time farm workers:79.0% and received cash:73.9% or motorcycles: 41.7% as reward. Stimulants consumed were alcohol (gegemu:242.2±656.1), analgesic (tramadol:132.6±191.4), caffeine (kolanut:10.7±7.6) and cannabis (marijuana:10.7±8.6) based. Reasons for consuming stimulant included accumulation of labour strength:85.5% and relaxation:81.9%. Major sources of stimulants were hawkers:70.3% and patent medicine stores:59.8%. Common health problems perceived to be associated with stimulant consumption were chronic weight loss (21.44±28.8), stimulant dependency (13.06±22.8) and migraine (5.58±6.9). Proportion (P) of those who had low visits to health centres upon experiencing stimulant-induced health problems was 65.2%, while 48.6% had negative attitude towards stimulant consumption. Hired farm labourers classified into low category of use of labour-saving equipment and labour productivity were 57.6% and 82.6% respectively. Labour productivity was significantly influenced by nationality (β=0.237), attitude to stimulant consumption (β=-0.299), consumption of alcohol (β=-0.372) and analgesic-based stimulants (β=-0.276). The consumption of alcohol and analgesic-based stimulants reduced productivity of hired farm labourers.

2022-03-01T00:00:00Z