http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2048 2026-04-03T18:19:18Z 2026-04-03T18:19:18Z ADESIPO, Tunde Adeyinka http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2058 2024-04-25T14:02:47Z 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z

VALIDATION OF SELECTED ANTHROPOMETRIC REGRESSION EQUATIONS FOR BODY COMPOSITION ASSESSMENT OF MALE UNIVERSITY ATHLETES IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA ADESIPO, Tunde Adeyinka Body composition assessment of athletes is acknowledged as basic physiological determinant of athletic health and performance. Assessment of body composition of male Nigerian University athletes, using foreign-derived anthropometric regression equations usually brings with it the issue of precision, accuracy and validity. Previous studies largely focused on developing and validating commonly used equations among foreign athletes, but little research efforts have been directed towards validating these equations on Nigerian athletes using the Underwater Weighing (UWW) criterion. This study, therefore, was carried out to validate the selected anthropometric equations. The study was anchored to the Theory of Human Body Composition Assessment, while the ex-post facto design was employed. The equations validated were Brozek and Keys (BK) 1951, Sloan and Weir (SW) 1970, Sinning (SI) 1974, Forysth and Sinning (FS) 1975, and Jackson and Pollock (JP) 1979 in order to confirm or refute their respective validity on body composition assessment of male university athletes in Southwestern Nigeria. The multistage sampling procedure was used. Three first generation federal universities in Ibadan, Lagos and Ile Ife) were enumerated, using the intact group of endurance athletes (45), power athletes (45) and control group (45) in each University. The instruments used were UnderWater Weighing equipment, spirometer, health-o-meter scale and skinfold calipher. Underwater measurements were taken following Barton and Cameroon (2009) procedure, while skinfold measurement of abdominal, chest, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, and thigh were taken following ISAK (2011) protocol. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation, t-test, and multiple regression at 0.05 alpha level. Participants’ age was 24.06±2.25 years. There was no significant difference in physical characteristics of height, body weight and body density of endurance athletes, power athletes and control group, but they significantly differed in percent fat and lean body weight. There was moderate, positive, relationship between Body Density (BD) of UWW and BD of BK, SW, SI, FS, but JP(r=0.77) was strongly significantly related. There was positive, relationship between %bf of UWW and %bf of BK(r=0.27), SW(r=0.26),vi SI(r=0.18), FS(r=0.38) except JP(r=0.72). There was significant difference between BD determined by UWW and BD of BK(t=-12.33), SW(t=-16.21), SI(t=-11.58), FS(t=-7.75) and JP(t=-2.92). There was also a significant difference between %bf of UWW and %bf of BK(t=10.22), SW(t=14.95), SI(t=11.66), FS(t=6.34) and JP(t=8.00). Plotted against validation criteria of Multiple Correlation Co-efficient (R), Constant Error (CE), Total Error (TE), Standard Error of Estimate (SEE), the values obtained were BK(R2=.103, CE=-0.02, TE=0.002, SEE=0.004), SW(R2=.103, CE=0.02, TE=.003, SEE=.006), SI(R2=.138, CE=-0.02, TE=0.002, SEE=0.01), FS(R2=.209, CE=0.01, TE=0.002, SEE=0.006), JP(R2 =.208, CE=-0.02, TE=0.002, SEE=0.002). All the examined equations failed the validity test. As a credible alternative this equation was formulated: BD=1.064+0.00392 (X1)+0.669 (X2)+0.07761 (X3). The anthropometric regression equations of Brozek and Keys, Sloan and Weir, Sinning, Forsyth and Sinning (1975), and Jackson and Pollock, have relationship with, but are significantly different from underwater weighing. All the equations overestimated Body Density and underestimated percent body fat in male University athletes in Southwestern Nigeria. The validated prediction equations should be used with relative caution, while the equation formulated needs to be adopted by Nigerian male athletes.

2023-06-01T00:00:00Z DUYILEMI, Atolani Shakirat http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2056 2024-04-25T13:58:55Z 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z

EFFECTS OF AEROBIC DANCE AND PEDOMETER-BASED WALK ON CARDIOVASCULAR PARAMETERS, BODY COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONAL ABILITY OF BAPTIST ELDERLY WOMEN IN THE IBADAN METROPOLIS DUYILEMI, Atolani Shakirat Health-promoting activities are undertaken by some orthodox churches in the Ibadan metropolis, including the Baptist Church, which has a Department dedicated to the healthcare of its members, particularly the elderly. Research has shown that elderly people experience physiological decline in terms of cardiovascular parameters, body composition, and functional ability, making exercise crucial to mitigating the burden of age-related illness. Previous studies focused largely on conventional exercise, with little attention paid to Aerobic Dance (AD) and Pedometer-based Walk (PBW). This study, therefore, determined the effects of AD and PBW on the Cardiovascular Parameters –CP [Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP), Body Composition –BC [Fat Mass (FM), FatFree Mass (FFM), Body Mass Index (BMI)] and Functional Ability –FA [Chair SitReach (CSR), Arm Curl (AC) and Chair Sit and Stand (CSS)] of Baptist elderly women in the Ibadan metropolis. The moderating effect of of elderliness was also examined. The study was anchored to the Programmed Theory of Ageing, while pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design with a 3x2 factorial matrix was adopted. The simple random sampling technique was used to select three out of the 25 associations in Ibadan Baptist Conference. Simple random sampling was adopted to select a church from each of the selected associations. Seventy elderly women of age 55 years and above were purposively selected from the sampled churches. Treatment lasted for 12 weeks. Data were analysed using multivariate analysis of covariance at 0.05 level of significance. The participants’ age was 61.33±5.88 years. Treatment had a significant main effect on cardiovascular parameters. On MABP (F(2; 64) = 5.36, η2 =.16), the participants exposed to PBW had the lowest mean score (88.268); on SBP (F(2; 64) = 7.22, η2=.20), the participants exposed to PBW had the lowest mean score (122.41); and on DBP (F(2; 64) = 3.59, η2=.11), the participants exposed to PBW had the lowest mean (71.54). The treatment was significant on two of the body composition parameters - FM (F(2; 64) = 19.77, η2=.41). The participants exposed to AD had the lowest mean score (28.85) and BMI (F(2; 64) = 23.06, η2=.45). The participants exposed to AD had the lowest mean score (26.71). The treatment was also significant on functional ability parameters. On CSR (F(2; 64) =16.98, η2=.37), the participants exposed to AD had the highest mean score (4.85); on CSS (F(2; 64) = 43.79, η2=.602), the participants exposed to AD had the highest mean score (20.72); and on AC (F(2; 64) = 25.30, η2=.47), the participants exposed to AD had the highest mean score (29.04). Stage of elderliness had a significant main effect only on AC (F(1; 65) = 3.97, η2=.06). The two-way interaction effects of treatment and stage of elderliness were not significant. Aerobic dance and pedometer-based walk improved the cardiovascular parameters, body composition, and functional ability among the Baptist elderly women in the Ibadan metropolis. Therefore, aerobic dance and pedometer-based walk should be adopted to mitigate the burden of age-related illness of Baptist elderly women.

2023-06-01T00:00:00Z IFETA, Olatunde Nosakhare http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2054 2024-04-25T13:55:13Z 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z

MARKETING MIX, MEDIA AND ECONO-GOVERNMENTAL INDICES AS PREDICTORS OF THE NIGERIA SPORTS BRAND IFETA, Olatunde Nosakhare The Nigeria Sports Brand (NSB) is a construct that expresses Nigeria’s ultimate intentions towards sports development, as reflected in the National Sports Policy (2009) and the Sports Industry Policy (2020). However, the NSB still performs far below expectations in relation to sports branding predictive indices (Marketing Mix Indices – MMI, Media Indices – MI, Economic Indices – EI and Governmental Indices – GI). Previous studies focused largely on sports development in Nigeria, with little consideration for these predictive indices. This study, therefore, was designed to investigate MMI (production, price, promotion and place of sports), MI (sports new media, sports print, sports radio and sports television), EI (Sports Gross Domestic Product [SGDP], Sports Production and Consumption [SPC], Sports Manufacturing and Trade [SMT] and real income) and GI (government proprietorship, government policy, government issues and public-private partnership) as predictors of the NSB. The study was anchored to the Ripple Effect and Maslow’s Human Motivation theories, while the mixed methods design (QUAN+qual) was adopted. Four accessible geopolitical zones were purposively selected, and four states were randomly selected in each zone. One hundred and ninety-six sports policy makers and officials, 48 sports federation officers across the zones were selected using stratified random sampling technique, while 528 athletes, 240 sports enthusiasts and 48 sports media personnel were selected through convenience sampling. The purposive sampling technique was adopted for the selection of 240 coaches. Key informant interviews were conducted with zonal sports coordinators. The instruments used were Production of Sports (r=0.71), Place of sports (0.71), Promotion of sports (r=0.72), Real income (r=0.72), SPC (r=0.72), Price of sports (r=0.73), SGDP (r=0.73), Sports print (r=0.74), SMT (r=0.74), Sports radio (r=0.75), Sports new media (r=0.76), Sports television (r=0.77), Nigeria Sports Brand (r=0.77), Government policy (r=0.79), Government issues (r=0.80), Government proprietorship (r=0.81) and Public-private partnership (r=0.81). The quantitative data were analysed using Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance, while the qualitative data were thematically analysed. Participants were mostly male (64.4%), aged 28.65±5.39 years. Sports television (r=0.05), SPC (r=0.05), government proprietorship (r=0.06), sports radio (r=0.08), sports new media (r=0.09), sports print (r=0.13), Place of sports (r=0.15), government policy (r=0.26), SMT (r=0.30) and public-private partnership (r=0.60) positively correlated with NSB. There was a significant joint contribution of the predictors on NSB (F(4;1291)=57.27; Adj. R2=0.15), accounting for 15.0% of its variance. Sports new media (ß=0.15), government issues (ß=-0.15), sports print (ß=0.16), government policy (ß=-0.16), place of sports (ß=0.18), production and consumption (ß=-0.22), sports television (ß=-0.25), manufacturing and trade (ß=0.45) and public-private partnership (ß=-0.60) contributed significantly to NSB. Sports coordinators indicated that, whereas policy content was consistent, NSB was mainly impeded by poor implementation, insufficient funding, domineering role of government, poor sports pricing, poor media, ineffective marketing, and insufficient and substandard sports production. Place of sports, sports media, sports production and consumption, sports manufacturing and trade, governmental proprietorship, quality government involvement and public-private partnership positively influenced the Nigeria Sports Brand. If these are prioritised in policy implementation, the NSB will compete effectively globally.

2023-08-01T00:00:00Z BALOGUN, Moruff Adebayo http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2052 2024-04-25T13:45:18Z 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z

ORGANISATIONAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF RECREATIONAL SPORTS PARTICIPATIՕN AMՕNG THE STAFF ՕF FEDERAL COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN SՕUTHWESTERN NIGERIA BALOGUN, Moruff Adebayo Recreational Sports Participation (RSP), involvement in sports during leisure, is for enjoyment and health promotion. Reports have shown that the level of RSP among staff of Federal Colleges of Education (FCE) in Nigeria is relatively low. Previous studies on RSP focused more on health connection, and social benefits of recreational sports, with little research attention done to the influence of organisational and socio-economic factors. This study, therefore, was carried out to examine Organisational Factors – OF (funding, facilities maintenance, and injury insurance); Sociological Factors – SF (religion, peer group influence and occupational demand) and Economic Factors - EF (income and opportunity cost of time) as predictors of RSP among the staff of FCE in southwestern Nigeria. The Participation and Incentive theories served as the framework, while the concurrent mixed methods (correlation and qualitative approaches) were adopted. The multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted. The four Federal Colleges of Education in Sօuthwestern Nigeria (Adeyemi College of Education (ACE), Ondo, FCE, Abeokuta, FCE (T) Akoka and FCE (Sp) Oyo) were enumerated. Proportionate to size sampling technique was used to select 1,931 respondents (A.C.E, Ondo=552, FCE, Abeokuta = 428, FCE (T), Akoka= 412, FCE (Sp), Oyo=539). The instruments used were RS Participation (r = 0.75), Level of Recreatiօn Sports Participation (r =0.82), Adequacy of Sports Facilities (r=0.81) and Equipment (r = 0.72), Funding (r=0.72), Facility Maintenance (r=0.71), Injury Insurance (r=0.70), Religion (r=0.74), Peer Group Influence (r=0.78), Occupational Demand (r=0.78), Income (r=0.78) and Opportunity Cost of Time (r=0.80) scales. Key Informant interviews were held with four chairmen and four directors of sports. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation and Multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance, while the qualitative data were content-analysed. The respondents’ age was 39.0 ± 2.4 years, and 67.7% were male. Funding (r = 0.38), facilities maintenance (r = 0.37), injury insurance (r =0.25), religion (r =0.18), peer group influences (r =0.43), occupational demand (r = 0.42), income (r = 0.28), and opportunity cost of time (r = 0.52), correlated positively with RSP. There was a significant joint contribution of OF, SF, and EF (F(3,184) = 138.03, Adj R2 = 0.183) to RSP, accounting for 18.3% of its variance. Funding (β = 0.28), facilities maintenance culture (β =0.22), injury insurance policy (β =0.06), religion (β =0.04), peer group influence (β =0.12), occupational demand (β = 0.41), income (β = 0.13), and opportunity cost of time (β = 0.50) significantly contributed to RSP. There was a significant difference in the level of recreational sports participation based on cadre (F(2;1838) =4.00) in favour of senior nonteaching staff ( x =20.45), Junior non-teaching staff ( x =20.21) and academic staff ( x =20.10). The low level of recreational sports participation was attributed to inadequate sport facilities and equipment, high occupational demand and opportunity cost of time. Organisational and socio-economic factors influenced recreational sports participatiօn amօng the staff օf Federal Colleges of Education in Sօuthwestern Nigeria. It could be inferred that strengthening these factors would improve recreational sports participation of staff.

2023-08-01T00:00:00Z